The Mbụ(1), dabere nanyochaa site nkọwaịlele
NkeOnye na-egwupụta ihe,nke a makwaara dị ka igwe na-egwupụta ihe (igwe na-egwupụta ihe), nke a makwaara dị ka excavator, bụ igwe na-akpụgharị ala nke na-eji bọket na-egwupụta ihe ndị dị n'elu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ebe a na-ebu ibu ma tinye ya n'ụgbọala ebu ma ọ bụ budata ya n'ebe nchekwa.
Ihe ndị onye na-egwupụta ihe gwupụtara bụ ọkachasị ala, kol, silt, ala na okwute mgbe ọ gbasachara.N'ikpe ikpe site na mmepe nke igwe ihe owuwu n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, mmepe nke ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-adị ngwa ngwa, ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-aghọkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị mkpa na-ewu ihe na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.Ihe atọ kachasị mkpa nke onye na-egwupụta ihe: ịdị arọ nke arụ ọrụ (mass), ike engine na ịwụ, ike ịwụ.
Nkeonye na-ebu ibu, dị ka aha ahụ pụtara "loading", ọrụ ya bụ ịkwanye ala n'ụgbọala, onye na-egwupụta ihe nwekwara ike ime ya ma ọ bụghị dị ka ihe na-ebu ibu, bulldozing bụ nanị akụkụ dị n'akụkụ nke onye na-ebu ibu, onye na-ebu ya na-agbakwa ụkwụ, ya mere ọ dị mma. nwere ike na-agba ọsọ n'okporo ụzọ, Excavators, bulldozers na ụdị crawler ndị ọzọ nwere ike ibufe site na ụgbọala na-adọkpụ iji nyefee saịtị ọrụ, ya mere enwere n'ozuzu ihe pụrụ iche chọrọ maka usoro mbanye nke loader., Igwe eji arụ ala na okwute maka ọrụ owuwu dịka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ogbunigwe.
The Nke abụọ(2),dabere nan'usorolelee
Onye na-egwupụta ihe: Ihe ndị a na-egwupụta ihe na-agụnye ọkụ ọkụ, ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, usoro igbu egbu, usoro ọrụ, usoro nnyefe, usoro ihe eji eje ije na ihe inyeaka, wdg. hydraulic mgbapụta maka ihe ndị na-egbu egbu iji mee ka ngwaọrụ na-arụ ọrụ rụchaa ọrụ dị iche iche.
Loader: gụnyere engine, torque converter, gearbox, front and back drive axles, zoro aka dị ka akụkụ anọ bụ isi.
NkeNke atọ(3), ndabere na Ọrụ ịlele
Onye na-egwupụta ihe: Ihe ndị e gwupụtara bụ nke kachasị ala, kol, silt, ala na okwute mgbe a tọchara ya.N'ikpe ikpe site na mmepe nke igwe ihe owuwu n'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, mmepe nke ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-adị ngwa ngwa, ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-aghọkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị mkpa na-ewu ụlọ na-arụ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Loader: A na-ejikarị shọvel shọvel, ịkwanye, ibutu, ịkwagharị ala na nnukwu ihe dịka nkume.Ọ nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ shọvel ọkụ n'elu nkume na ala siri ike.Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agbanwe ngwaọrụ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, ị nwekwara ike mezue ọrụ nke bulldozing, ebuli, nbudata na ịkwatu ihe ndị ọzọ.N'ebe a na-ewu okporo ụzọ awara awara, a na-eji ya emeju ma gwupụta ihe ndị dị n'okporo ụzọ, mkpokọta na ịkwanye ụlọ asphalt na ciment.
Nke anọ(4), dabere nankewa dị iche na ihe nlereanyaịlele
Ndị na-egwupụta ihe: nwere ike kewaa n'ime nnukwu ndị na-egwupụta ihe, ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-ajụ oyi, obere ndị na-egwupụta ihe, ndị na-egwupụta ihe, ndị na-egwupụta ihe n'ụkwụ, ndị na-egwu mmiri hydraulic, ndị na-egwupụta ihe, ndị na-egwupụta ihe, ndị na-egwupụta ihe, ndị na-egwu mmiri, ndị na-egwupụta ihe pụrụ iche, wdg dị iche iche.
Loaders: Dị ka ike engine si dị, ha nwere ike kewaa n'ime obere ndị na-ebu ibu, ndị na-ebu ibu na ndị na-ebu ibu.
Nkewa excvator
Enwere ike ikewa ihe ndị na-egwupụta ihe na shọvel dị n'ihu, azụ azụ azụ, ahịrị ịdọrọ na shọvel jide.A na-ejikarị shọvel ndị dị n'ihu gwupụta ihe ndị dị n'elu elu, na azụ azụ na-ejikarị gwupụta ihe dị n'okpuru ala.
Azụ azụ azụ bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị nke anyị hụtụrụla, nke nwere mbelata ala azụ, manye mmanye.Enwere ike iji ya mee ihe maka igwu ala n'okpuru nkwụsị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ.Ụzọ ndị bụ isi arụ ọrụ bụ: igwu mmiri ngwucha olulu mmiri, ngwupụta akụkụ olulu mmiri, ngwupụta ahịrị kwụ ọtọ, ihe gwupụtara agbagọ, gwupụta ihe n'otu akụkụ, gwupụta olulu miri emi na mkpọda trenchi.
Ngwunye iheejiegwa n'ihu
The shọvel edinam ụdị nke a n'ihu iheejiegwala excavator.Njiri mara ya bụ "ga n'ihu na elu, ịkpụ ala a manyere".Ihe shọvel dị n'ihu nwere nnukwu ike igwu ala ma nwee ike igwu ala n'elu ebe nkwụsị.Ọ dabara maka ikpochapụ olulu ntọala akọrọ nke ịdị elu karịa 2m, mana a ga-edobe ihe mgbago elu na ala.Ịwụ nke shọvel n'ihu buru ibu karịa nke onye na-egwupụta azụ azụ nke otu ihe ahụ, ọ nwere ike gwupụta ihe nwere mmiri na-adịghị elu karịa 27%.
Ụgbọ ala a na-ekpofu ihe na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji rụchaa ọrụ ngwupụta na njem njem niile, ma nwee ike gwupụta nnukwu olulu ntọala nkụ na mkpọmkpọ ebe.Usoro ngwupụta ihe nke shọvel dị n'ihu na-adabere na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụzọ ngwupụta ihe na ọnọdụ ikwu nke ụgbọ njem.Enwere ụzọ abụọ nke igwu ala na ịkwatu: ntugharị n'ihu na nbudata akụkụ;na-egwu ala n'ihu ma tụgharịa Ka ibutu ala.
Dọrọ-akaraonye na-egwuputa ihe
A na-akpọkwa ahịrị drag-ahịrị.Ihe e ji mara ya bụ: "azụ na ala, na-egbutu ala n'okpuru ibu ya".Ọ dị mma maka igwu ala nke klas I na II n'okpuru ebe nkwụsị.Mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ, a na-atụba bọket ahụ site na ike inertial, na-egwu ala dịtụ ukwuu, na radius na-egwu ala na-egwupụta omimi buru ibu, ma ọ dịghị agbanwe agbanwe na nke ziri ezi dị ka azụ azụ.Karịsịa kwesịrị ekwesị maka igwupụta nnukwu olulu ntọala ma ọ bụ n'okpuru mmiri.
Ibu Ibubụ ụdị igwe eji arụ ala na nkume a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'okporo ụzọ awara awara, okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko, ihe owuwu, ike mmiri, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, m na ọrụ owuwu ndị ọzọ.A na-ejikarị shọvel nnukwu ihe ndị dị ka ala, ájá, lime, kol, wdg, ala siri ike, wdg maka igwu shọvel ọkụ.Ọ nwekwara ike ịme bulldozing, ibuli na ịkwanye na ịkwatu ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka osisi site n'ịgbanwe ngwaọrụ enyemaka dị iche iche.N'okporo ụzọ, ọkachasị n'iwu okporo ụzọ dị elu, a na-eji ndị na-ebu ibu na-ejuputa ma na-egwupụta injinia n'okporo ụzọ, mkpokọta na ịkwanye ngwakọta asphalt na ogige ciment.Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ịkwanye ala, ihicha ala na ịdọrọ ígwè ọrụ ndị ọzọ.N'ihi na loader nwere uru nke ngwa ngwa na-arụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa, arụmọrụ dị elu, ịrụ ọrụ dị mma, na ịrụ ọrụ dị mfe, ọ ghọwo otu n'ime isi ihe eji arụ ọrụ n'ụwa na-arụ ọrụ injinia.
NkeNke ise(5), dabere naiche na ngwaịlele
Excavator: Onye na-egwupụta ihe bụ ụgbọ injinia eji gwupụta ma ọ bụ bugharịa nnukwu ihe.
Loader: A na-eji loader eme ihe maka shọvel, ịkwanye, ibutu, ịkwagharị ala na nnukwu ihe dịka okwute, ma nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ shọvel ọkụ na nkume na ala siri ike.Ọ bụrụ na ị na-agbanwe ngwaọrụ dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ, ị nwekwara ike mezue ọrụ nke bulldozing, ebuli, nbudata na ịkwatu ihe ndị ọzọ.N'ebe a na-ewu okporo ụzọ awara awara, a na-eji ya emeju ma gwupụta ihe ndị dị n'okporo ụzọ, mkpokọta na ịkwanye ụlọ asphalt na ciment.
NkeNke isii(6), dabere naisi componentsịlele
Onye na-egwupụta ihe: Ihe a na-egwupụta ihe ndị a na-ahụkarị gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ, ngwaọrụ arụ ọrụ, usoro igbu egbu, usoro mkpagharị, usoro nnyefe, usoro ije na akụrụngwa inyeaka.Ihe ndị bụ isi na chassis nke gwupụtara ala bụ: rollers, ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ, sprocket, ezé ịkwọ ụgbọala, akpụkpọ ụkwụ egwu, na mgbakọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè.
Loader: gụnyere engine, torque converter, gearbox, front and back drive axles, zoro aka dị ka akụkụ anọ bụ isi.
Ọrụ ahụ dị iche.A na-ejikarị loader eme ihe maka shọvel nnukwu ihe ndị dị ka ala, ájá, lime, kol, wdg. Onye na-egwupụta ihe na-eji bọket ahụ gwupụta ihe dị n'elu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru elu igwe, ma tinye ya n'ime ụgbọ ala ebu ma ọ bụ bupu ala. - igwe na-ebuga n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe.Ihe ndị e gwupụtara bụ nke kachasị ala, kol, silt, ala na okwute mgbe pr-loosening gasịrị.Ọdịdị na ụkpụrụ dịkwa nnọọ iche.
Ndị na-egwupụta ihe, bụ ndị a haziri ahazi maka igwu ala, mana enwere ike ibu ya
A na-emepụta ihe na-ebu ihe nke ọma maka nbudata.Enweghị ike iji ya gwuo ala.Ngwunye nke onye na-egwupụta ihe adịghị ngwa ngwa dị ka onye na-ebu ihe.
Ndị na-egwupụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọkwa ala, ebe forklift na-arụkarị ọrụ karịa ọkwa ala.The excavator nwere ike ịgafe arụmọrụ na adabara ebe ụgbọ ala enweghị ike ịga dị ka ogbunigwe.The forklift bụ nke ukwuu imegharị ma nwee ike na-agagharịkarị n'okporo ụzọ.
Onye na-egwupụta ihe bụ igwe na-akpụgharị ala nke na-eji bọket na-egwupụta ihe dị n'elu ma ọ bụ n'okpuru igwe ahụ, na-ebunye ya n'ụgbọala ebu ma ọ bụ bupu ya n'ebe nchekwa.Ndị na-egwupụta ihe bụ otu n'ime ụdị igwe eji arụ ọrụ kacha mkpa n'ihe owuwu injinia.A na-eji ha eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'igwupụta ntọala ụlọ na ebe ọmụmụ ihe, igwupụta ihe ala, na-ewepụ ibu arọ nke ebe a na-egwuputa ihe, ebe a na-egwupụta ihe, ọwara mmiri, ebe a na-amụ ihe n'okpuru ala na nkwakọba ihe.N'oge a na-ebunye ihe, na-egwupụta ọwa mmiri, ọwa mmiri na ịdọrọ mmiri, ịwụsa na ibuli mgbe agbanwechara ngwaọrụ ọrụ.
N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu,Loder bụ ụdị igwe eji arụ ọrụ ala na okwute a na-ejikarị n'okporo ụzọ awara awara, okporo ụzọ ụgbọ oloko, ihe owuwu, ike mmiri, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, m na ọrụ ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ.A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka ịkwanye shọvel nke ala, ájá, wayo, kol na ihe ndị ọzọ nwere nnukwu ihe.Enwere ike iji ya rụọ ọrụ shọvel ọkụ na ịrụ ọrụ ngwupụta na ala na ala siri ike.Ọ nwekwara ike ịme bulldozing, ibuli na ịkwanye na ịkwatu ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka osisi site n'ịgbanwe ngwaọrụ enyemaka dị iche iche.N'okporo ụzọ, ọkachasị n'ịrụ ụzọ awara awara dị elu, a na-eji ndị na-ebu ibu na-ejuputa ma na-egwupụta injinia n'okporo ụzọ, mkpokọta na ịkwanye ngwakọta asphalt na ogige ciment.Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka ịkwanye ala, ihicha ala na ịdọrọ ígwè ọrụ ndị ọzọ.N'ihi na loader nwere uru nke ngwa ngwa na-arụ ọrụ ngwa ngwa, arụmọrụ dị elu, ịrụ ọrụ dị mma, na ịrụ ọrụ dị mfe, ọ ghọwo otu n'ime isi ihe eji arụ ọrụ n'ụwa na-arụ ọrụ injinia.
Ha abụọ bụ arụ ọrụ ala, na ịwụ nke onye na-egwupụta ihe (nke a na-akpọkarị igwe nko) nwere ike ịga n'okpuru ahịrị kwụ ọtọ.Ịwụ nke loader nwere ike ịnọ naanị n'elu ahịrị kwụ ọtọ.Ọdịiche dị n'etiti ha abụọ bụ na ha nwere ojiji dị iche iche na mgbe ụfọdụ nwere ike dochie ibe ha.Enwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke ọ bụla.N'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, a na-ebufe nnukwu ihe dị na ụgbọ elu kwụ ọtọ na onye na-ebu ibu, nke nwere nnukwu ike ịwụ, mmegharị na-agbanwe agbanwe, arụmọrụ dị elu na ezigbo akụ na ụba.Otú ọ dị, ịwụnye ihe na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọkwa ahụ nwere ike ime ya na ndị na-egwupụta ihe.
Oge nzipu: Jun-18-2022
